Fortanix Data Security Manager (DSM) 5.2 comes with some general improvements and resolved issues.
This release is superseded by the September 22, 2025, release.
WARNING
If you want to upgrade Fortanix DSM to version 5.2 from a version earlier than 4.36 patch 4, please contact the Fortanix Support team at your earliest to validate the upgrade path.
Downgrade from 5.2 to any prior version is not supported due to Kubernetes and Kernel upgrades.
NOTE
If you are using a custom sudo user, ensure that the default administrator user is enabled with root privileges before upgrading to Fortanix DSM version 5.2. The administrator user must be able to log in with a password and be part of the sudo group.
During the upgrade, the
/etc/sudoersfile is overwritten, which can result in the loss of sudo access for the custom sudo user.The Fortanix DSM cluster upgrade must be done with Fortanix Support on call. Please reach out to Fortanix Support if you are planning an upgrade.
The customer's BIOS version must be checked by Fortanix Support before the Fortanix DSM software upgrade. If required, the BIOS version should be upgraded to the latest version and verified by Fortanix Support for a smooth upgrade.
If your Fortanix DSM version is 5.0 or later, then the HSM Gateway version must also be 5.0 or later. Similarly, if the HSM Gateway version is 5.0 or later, then your Fortanix DSM version must be 5.0 or later.
1. Improvements
Added the setting Default log retention period for new accounts created on this cluster under Fortanix DSM System Administration → Settings → POLICIES, allowing system administrators to set the log retention period at the DSM cluster level (JIRA: ROFR-5612).
For more information, refer to the Fortanix Data Security Manager - Sysadmin Settings - Policies.
Removed hyphens from the Azure Key Version Number before displaying it in the Fortanix DSM user interface (UI) under the AZURE KEY DETAILS tab (JIRA: ROFR-5545).
New Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Cloud Key Management Service (KMS) Regions have been added as target to upload Customer Managed Keys to GCP KMS: Columbus (us-east5), Dallas (us-south1), Johannesburg (africa-south1), Madrid (europe-southwest1), Berlin (europe-west10), Turin (europe-west12), Milan (europe-west8), Paris (europe-west9), Doha (me-central1), Damman (me-central2), and Tel Aviv (me-west1) (JIRA: PM-547).
2. Other Improvements
Updated the Fortanix DSM node join-policy to allow scalable platform support, enabling Azure DCv3 virtual machines (VMs) to join clusters previously restricted to DCv2 VMs. This only applies to customers who run Azure clusters with hardware attestation enabled (JIRA: PROD-10364).
Google Cloud EKM connections can now be routed over a Private Connect path between the user’s GCP environment and Fortanix DSM SaaS (JIRA: PM-470).
For more information, refer to Fortanix Data Security Manager with Google Control Plane Using Virtual Private Cloud.
3. API Updates
Added the new
format_v2model underFpeOptionsfor defining Format-Preserving Encryption (FPE) structures with enhanced validation and precision in tokenization (JIRA: PM-418 and PM-548).The Generate a New Security Object API (
POST /crypto/v1/keys) now supports this new model.For more information, refer to Security Object Tokenization Quickstart and Security Object Tokenization Examples.
Added a new API endpoint
GET /sys/v1/tls_certificatesthat returns the Subject Public Key Information (SPKI) from TLS certificates used in the Fortanix DSM cluster, enabling secure integration with Google Cloud External Key Manager (EKM) over a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) connection (JIRA: PM-470).
4. Client Improvements
Added support for publishing the Windows signed binary to the Chocolatey package manager in the Sequoia-PGP client (JIRA: PM-453).
For more information, refer to Sequoia-PGP.
5. DSM Accelerator New Features and Improvements
DSM Accelerator EKM:
Added Fortanix DSM Accelerator support for Extensible Key Management (EKM) client (JIRA: PM-443).
For more information, refer to the following:
DSM Accelerator Webservice:
Fortanix DSM Accelerator Webservice for Nitro with Fortanix Confidential Computing Manager (CCM) now automatically detects and applies newly renewed CCM certificates, eliminating the need for manual restarts (JIRA: PM-510).
Fixed an issue where Oracle TDE with Fortanix DSM Accelerator Webservice experienced database instance crashes due to PKCS#11 session expiration errors (JIRA: ES-540).
6. Quality Enhancements
Upgraded
libc6version to 2.39-0ubuntu8.5 (JIRA: RODE-189).Upgraded Kernel to Linux version 6.8.0-71 (JIRA: RODE-173).
Migrated the Fortanix DSM keepalived container from Ubuntu 20 to Ubuntu 24 (JIRA: RODE-83).
Upgraded Kubernetes to version 1.32.5 (JIRA: PM-505).
For more information, refer to Fortanix Data Security Manager (Release 5.2) Kubernetes Version Upgrade to 1.32 K8s.
7. Bug Fixes
Fixed an issue where the “Choose people” placeholder text was missing after adding a user from the list while configuring a Quorum approval policy (JIRA: ROFR-5565).
Fixed an issue with regenerating an API key for a Fortanix DSM application using the REGENERATE button in the application's detailed view (JIRA: ES-542).
8. Known Issues
Upgrading from Fortanix DSM 5.0 or later could cause package upload failures from the DSM UI, resulting in HTTP 400 or HTTP 500 errors (JIRA: ES-599).
The COPY KEY dialog box does not filter the HSM/External KMS groups as expected when Import key to HSM/External KMS check box is selected, if there are more than 1,000 groups in the account (JIRA: ROFR-5167).
Unable to delete a user who was invited to an account with a "Custom account role" that includes an "All Groups Role" along with group membership assigned explicitly in the invite user workflow if the invited user has not accepted the invitation (JIRA: PROD-9409).
Workaround: To delete the invited user, contact Fortanix Support or perform the following steps:If you have already assigned explicit group memberships, perform the following steps to remove them and delete the user:
Change the user's account role to "Account Member".
Remove the group memberships one by one using the user interface.
Delete the user.
The
sudo get_csrs --rotatecommand does not support changing the hostname of the service URL. For example, if your service main URL is dsm.fortanix.net, you cannot change this main URL hostname (JIRA: PROD-9542).When you run
sudo get_csrs --rotatecommand to create a new certificate pair for cluster and UI, it does not remove the old certificate pair from the sdkms pod, resulting in two certificate pairs which can lead to unexpected results (JIRA: RODE-97).Deleting replica keys in groups with key history policies only results in a soft-delete of the keys (JIRA: PROD-9925).
Workaround: Users should avoid deleting keys that are associated with a key-undo policy.The Audit Log page in Fortanix DSM does not display recent “Select Account” events when the log retention period is set to 1 day (JIRA: PROD-10441).
Workaround: Set the retention period to 2 days or longer under Settings→ LOG MANAGEMNET → Retention periodfor Audit Logs to ensure recent audit log entries are visible.Unable to perform Kubernetes CA rotation successfully (JIRA: RODE-62).
Workaround: To perform CA rotation in DSM 5.2, contact Fortanix Support team.After upgrading Fortanix DSM to version 5.0 or later, Network Time Protocol (NTP) checks in Sensu may fail even if NTP is correctly synchronized across the cluster (JIRA: RODE-168).
NOTE
Use the following command to override the alert:
check-ntp.rb -u ok -w ${WARN_LEVEL} -c ${CRITICAL_LEVEL}" \
When installing Fortanix DSM 5.2 or Fortanix DSM 5.4 software on VM-based Marketplace images (AWS, Azure, or VMware) in an air-gapped environment, the installation may fail. This issue occurs because the system contains a reference to the upstream Ubuntu repository file (JIRA: RODE-337).
Workaround:Fresh installation:
Before creating a cluster:
Move the upstream Ubuntu repository file:
mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources /tmp/.Run the package update command:
apt-get update.Verify that no upstream Ubuntu repository references appear in the output.
Proceed with cluster creation:
sdkms-cluster create.
Upgrade from DSM 5.2 or 5.4:
Before clicking Submit to start the upgrade:
Move the upstream Ubuntu repository file:
mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources /tmp/.Run the package update command:
apt-get update.Verify that no upstream Ubuntu repository references appear in the output.
Click Submit to start the DSM upgrade.
9. Fortanix Data Security Manager Performance Statistics
NOTE
As part of this major release, the underlying operating system of Fortanix DSM has been upgraded from Ubuntu 20.04 to Ubuntu 24.04, which includes a significant Linux kernel update from version 5.4.0 to 6.8.0, along with multiple software package updates.
9.1 Series 2
Key Types and Operations | Throughput (Operations/second on a 3-node cluster re-using a single TLS session) |
|---|---|
AES 256: CBC Encryption/Decryption | 5,754/6,045 |
AES 256: GCM Encryption/Decryption | 6,029/5,934 |
AES 256: FPE Encryption/Decryption | 4,676/4,712 |
AES 256 Key Generation | 1,175 |
RSA 2048 Encryption/Decryption | 5,528/2,007 |
RSA 2048 Key Generation | 43 |
RSA 2048 Sign/Verify | 2,011/5,558 |
RSA 4096 Sign/Verify | 628/4,931 |
EC NISTP256 Key Generation | 939 |
EC NISTP256 Sign/Verify | 2,640/1,739 |
EC secP256K1 Key Generation | 846 |
EC secP256K1 Sign/Verify | 1,976/1,211 |
Kyber ML-KEM Encapsulation | 1,117 |
Kyber ML-KEM Decapsulation | 1,113 |
LMS Key (Height, Node) | |
L1 5, Node 24 | 174 |
L1 5, Node 32 | 139 |
L1 10, Node 24 | 6.01 |
L1 10, Node 32 | 4.84 |
BIP32 Key Derive as Transient Hardened Child Key | 901 |
BIP32 Sign | 901 |
Data Security Manager Plugin (Hello world plugin) | 2,377 (invocations/second) |
9.2 Azure Standard_DC8_v2
Key Types and Operations | Throughput (Operations/second on a 3-node [Standard_DC8_v2] cluster re-using a single TLS session) |
|---|---|
AES 256: CBC Encryption/Decryption | 3,549/3,577 |
AES 256: GCM Encryption/Decryption | 3,575/3,547 |
AES 256: FPE Encryption/Decryption | 3,091/3,089 |
AES 256 Key Generation | 948 |
RSA 2048 Encryption/Decryption | 3,437/1,644 |
RSA 2048 Key Generation | 38 |
RSA 2048 Sign/Verify | 1,653/3,541 |
RSA 4096 Sign/Verify | 539/3,200 |
EC NISTP256 Key Generation | 803 |
EC NISTP256 Sign/Verify | 2,048/1,463 |
EC secP256K1 Key Generation | 741 |
EC secP256K1 Sign/Verify | 1,633/1,072 |
Data Security Manager Plugin (Hello world plugin) | 2,392 (invocations/second) |
9.3 Azure Standard_DC8s_v3
Key Types and Operations | Throughput (Operations/second on a 3-node [Standard_DC8s_v3] cluster re-using a single TLS session) |
|---|---|
AES 256: CBC Encryption/Decryption | 4,498/4,460 |
AES 256: GCM Encryption/Decryption | 4530/4,490 |
AES 256: FPE Encryption/Decryption | 3,798/3,798 |
AES 256 Key Generation | 1,478 |
RSA 2048 Encryption/Decryption | 4,332/1,868 |
RSA 2048 Key Generation | 62 |
RSA 2048 Sign/Verify | 1,877/4,418 |
RSA 4096 Sign/Verify | 582/4,054 |
EC NISTP256 Key Generation | 1,135 |
EC NISTP256 Sign/Verify | 2,267/1,508 |
EC secP256K1 Key Generation | 959 |
EC secP256K1 Sign/Verify | 1,687/1,046 |
Data Security Manager Plugin (Hello world plugin) | 3,681 (invocations/second) |
9.4 Series 2 JCE
Key Types and Operations | Throughput (Operations/second on a 3-node cluster re-using a single TLS session) |
|---|---|
AES 256: CBC Encryption/Decryption | 5,504/5,649 |
AES 256 Key Generation | 1,179 |
RSA 2048 Key Generation | 41 |
RSA 2048 Sign/Verify | 1,530/2,831 |
RSA 4096 Sign/Verify | 587/2,696 |
EC NISTP256 Key Generation | 961 |
EC NISTP256 Sign/Verify | 1,840/1,480 |
EC secP256K1 Key Generation | 845 |
EC secP256K1 Sign/Verify | 1,497/1,029 |
Data Security Manager Plugin (Hello world plugin) | 2,393 (invocations/second) |
9.5 Azure Standard DC8 JCE
Key Types and Operations | Throughput (Operations/second on a 3-node [Standard_DC8 JCE] cluster re-using a single TLS session) |
|---|---|
AES 256: CBC Encryption/Decryption | 3,542/3,504 |
AES 256 Key Generation | 969 |
RSA 2048 Key Generation | 37 |
RSA 2048 Sign/Verify | 1,173/1,842 |
RSA 4096 Sign/Verify | 480/1,785 |
EC NISTP256 Key Generation | 817 |
EC NISTP256 Sign/Verify | 1,348/1,091 |
EC secP256K1 Key Generation | 735 |
EC secP256K1 Sign/Verify | 1,170/857 |
Data Security Manager Plugin (Hello world plugin) | 2,403 (invocations/second) |
10. Fortanix Data Security Manager Accelerator Performance Statistics
10.1 Runtime Environment
NOTE
The following table lists the standard recommended runtime environment. You can choose a higher configuration for better performance.
DSM Accelerator was run in the runtime environment listed below for performance testing.
Item | Specification |
|---|---|
Number of Cores | 4 |
CPU | Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2673 v4 @ 2.30GHz |
RAM | 2 GiB |
VM Type | Standard D4ds v4 Azure VM |
Docker Runtime Configuration |
|
10.2 DSM Accelerator Webservice
NOTE
The performance numbers below are captured with a single node; if you need higher performance or throughput, then Fortanix recommends adding multiple nodes.
Key Types and Operations | Throughput (Operations/second on a 1-node cluster re-using a single TLS session) |
|---|---|
AES 256: CBC Encryption/Decryption | 20,695/20,439 |
AES 256: GCM Encryption/Decryption | 21,773/21,604 |
AES 256: FPE Encryption/Decryption | 9,448/9,406 |
10.3 Additional Modes
Key Types and Operations | Throughput (Operations/second on a 1-node cluster re-using a single TLS session) |
|---|---|
AES 256: CBCNOPAD Encryption/Decryption | 21,770/21,684 |
AES 256: CFB Encryption/Decryption | 21,599/21,312 |
AES 256: CTR Encryption/Decryption | 21,750/21,192 |
AES 256: OFB Encryption/Decryption | 21,826/21,647 |
AES 256: CCM Encryption/Decryption | 21,465/21,079 |
11. Installation
To install the DSM Runtime Encryption® SGX (on-prem/Azure) and Software (AWS/Azure) packages, Download Here.